banning the game

banning the game Banning the Game?As enjoyable as football can be there are many downsides of this dangerous sport. Every year new students try out for football, but they don't know what they're getting themselves in to. A game in which you clash together to get a ball somewhere seems like a lot to risk your life for. Not joining your football team in high schools will cause fewer injuries. Using your head as a battering ram is not helping the brain of the student. Before thinking about joining your team, know what the effects after starting to play. Stop and think about your life before joining the football team.From a recent study 67 percent of a football team get concussions every season. If a student is trying to play football, there's the probability that he will be part of the 67 percent. When you ram your helmet into another helmet, you're not safe. The helmet does not help the brains of teens and protecting it, it makes your head shake in between the metal that covers your head. According to a recent study, teens that faced two or more concussions, reported mental problems at higher and faster rates. In addition, if teens step away from this sport you will be less likely to forget everything.Traumatic brain injury can hurt destroy your brain. A recent study was made that showed that football can cause traumatic brain injury. TBI usually shows in people that play in sports in which you are more likely to hit your head. Recent football players ended up having this disease and destroying their brain. The result of all the brain hits is amnesia. Amnesia is when an individual loses their memory, and can't remember anything about their life. Teens who start hitting their brains in to...English: Anisocoria (right eye instiled by tropica...

Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Research Paper Example

Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Research Paper Example Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Paper Paulo Freire and Participatory Action Research Paper 2004). Once the filter is engaged, then the student experiences difficulty in acquiring the English language. Upon notice in experiencing difficulty, the student may withdraw from class activities and becomes farther from having a solid school identity. Furthermore, parents and/or teachers may label the student and possibly establish a self-fulfilling prophecy. This may further propel the student in solidifying an identity other than a school identity. The role of the teacher would be to help solidify the school identity by continuously revisiting the projects goals and objectives as well as discussing its activities with students. The teacher would also facilitate discussion, journal writing, and respect among students. Mentors who have previously experienced hardship would also be invited by the teacher to share their experiences with the class. The students would be engaged in a range of activities centered on writing and reading culturally significant texts and issues as well as learning about politics and history. These portions of the curriculum are designed to promote critical thought among students and an environment conducive to learning. The project would also contain a second component to build life and human relationship skills among students. These activities have been created from ideas discussed forth in previous interviews and focus group discussions. Since it has been previously noted that students and parents interests and concerns were never taken into consideration, it is strongly believed that in doing so will create a sense of empowerment among students, parents, and teachers.

My personal statement for getting into nursing Essay

My personal statement for getting into nursing - Essay Example I have set up and run a first time mums group. This group consists of a five week programme: week one is an introduction to the other mums and we show the mums the signs and symptoms of meningitis; the second week is baby massage of which I am a trained teacher; the third week is weaning, the signs and what food to introduce and the implications of weaning too early; the fourth week is sleep and the sleep methods the PCT recommends. We also discuss SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). This week can be challenging but recommended because of the significance of the problem. The fifth week we discuss childrens development and how children do not need lots of toys for them to thrive. These groups are very successful and the feedback I get from them is very positive. An additional part of my role is to run the two years development check. This is a free screening service for children that are between two and two-and-half. I run these from a childrens centre with nine children screened twice weekly. These development checks are to determine whether the children have any trouble with their speech and language and to give advice to aid and guide speech. AI also invite them to a local drop in speech and language services. In addition, I look to see if the children have play and cognitive skills issues. We carry out some small tests to see if they are up to their age-related peers. We also test their fine and gross motor skills. This is done by carrying out small tests with the children. We also do their height and weight and plot in their red books (Child Health books). We check that the children are not overweight and not underweight and advise according Oto the government standard of which I was training by Middlesex University Institute of Nursin g and Midwifery. Another part of my role is to liaise with the health visitors on such delicate issues as children protection issues, and how to look after children and special needs children. I have also

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Accounting - Essay Example In the ABC approach, the costs are computed based on the activities and not on the labour or machine hours. Each activity has a cost driver attached to it and the ABC system utilises this cost driver to distribute the costs among the products (12 Manage, 2008). When the ABC Costing approach was followed, the profit margin per unit for Parrot was recorded as  £ 87.09 and that for Toucan was computed as  £ 63.88. In this case, the difference of profit per unit amounts to only  £ 23.21. ABC system indicates that the profit from Toucan is actually higher as opposed to the absorption costing system. Also, the cost drivers indicate that the M/C setup takes up a high amount of costs as the overheads. Hence it is made evident that the number of setups has to be reduced. This will result in higher profits for Bird Gardens (Cokins, 2001). In order to analyse the efficiency and to increase the profits of the company, it is essential to follow the ABC

Thermodynamics Laws and Life Essay Example for Free

Thermodynamics Laws and Life Essay Introduction The universe is governed by the laws of thermodynamics. In other words, it affects the everyday lives of human beings. Every moment   a man exists, performs his daily activities or interacts with objects around him like every time he walks or drives a car or turn on an air conditioner, or use an electrical appliance, he   reap the practical benefits of thermodynamics (Sonntag 223). According to Sonntag in his book Fundamentals of Physics, â€Å"one excellent definition of thermodynamics is that it is the science of energy and entropy†. Another good definition would be that thermodynamics is the science that deals with heat and work and the properties of substance that bear a relation to heat and work†. As I understand it, thermodynamics had something to with anything that involves the use and transfer heat or energy, and the resulting work it produces. This means that without heat or energy then there would be no work to be performed. And when work is absent then there would be no human existence for life is closely tied with activities. Like all sciences, thermodynamics was established based on experimental observation. Out of this experiments evolved the three laws of thermodynamics (Sonntag 16). The Laws of Thermodynamics First law of Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is often called the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that â€Å"energy cannot be created nor destroyed†. Furthermore, this law suggests that since energy cannot be created or destroyed it is merely transferred from one system to another in many forms. In other words, there is an idea of energy conversion like from heat energy to mechanical energy.   Because energy is not created or destroyed, in the universe as a closed system the amount of energy available is constant (there is no addition or subtraction of energy) . Energy is usually introduced into a system and from thereon undergoes energy transformation to perform some functions(Young 534-536) . In relating to life, a good example would be when a man takes in food (introduction of energy to the body through calorie), heat energy in the form of calorie is transform into chemical energy by his cells which in turn is transform into a mechanical energy so that a man is able to perform physical activities like walking, dancing or talking.   Man by his own self cannot create his own energy (he needs to eat to get energy) and that this energy through bodily processes is transform within his body to enable him to perform some bodily functions. What the first law actually is trying to say is that man just cannot get something out of nothing like he just cannot survive without first eating some amount of food; otherwise he will just fell dead. If only man can create his own energy then he does not need to eat. In the same way, the survival of other living things depend on getting energy from outside sources, for example plants need the energy of the sun for photosynthesis. For objects, in order for it to function, like for a plane in order for it to fly it needs the heat of combustion of its fuel to do work in propelling the plane (Young 534). Second law of Thermodynamics While the first law deals with the conservation of energy, the second law tells of the direction of conservation. In other words, how or where energy transformation normally proceeds. The second law settles the question why when you put ice into a hot cup of tea, heat will flow from the hot tea to the cold ice and melt the ice in the beloved beverage illustrating the unalterable reality that heat cannot be transferred from a colder to a hotter body. It is because natural processes that involve energy transfer must have one direction, and all natural processes are irreversible. That is why, man as human being that makes use of many bodily energy conversions can never go back to being an infant but must proceed to old age.   Or that a machine will go from new to old, it depreciates and lowers in value.   In a sense, the second law puts limitations into how heat conversion is achieved in real life. The second law further states that the direction of thermodynamic processes is more towards from an order to a disorder state or entropy. Entropy is the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy and matter in a system, the higher is a disorder the greater is the entropy. That is why in hot and cold bodies the process proceeds from hot to cold because adding heat to a body increases its disorder because â€Å"it increases average molecular speeds and therefore the randomness of molecular motion†(Young 574).   In other aspects, it is clear now why it is easy to mess up than to clean, and that the greater are the things present the messier it is. According to Young in his book University Physics, in a natural   irreversible isolated system (one that does no work on its surroundings) entropy is always increasing, or the degree of disorder increases with time( Young 541 and579) . This can be illustrated by man getting old. Although some scientific researches had created formulas to make man look younger than his age, this only controls the pace of his getting old, but eventually man had to surrender to the irreversible natural process of body deterioration that will lead to old age and ultimately death. As man increased in age, his body weakens, his cells degenerate and eventually he dies. And when a body decays and die it cannot be renewed again and bring back to life but it will rot on the grave . What the second law of thermodynamics is saying is that there are some things that I cannot control from happening for it is a natural process that needs or must occur and when it did occur it is impossible to undo. This reminds me in some sense of where man is heading in life. He always go towards the future and leaves behind a past. What happened in the past he can never undo for he can never go back to the past. That direction will be forever close to him no matter how much energy he is willing to spend to retraced back to that road. Critics in the biological evolution however, claimed that the theory of evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics, since evolution involves simple life forms developing on their own into more complex, more highly ordered organisms. But living things are not closed systems because they can interact with outside sources of energy like the sun and it has been shown â€Å"that energy and/or mass flow through a system can constrain it far from equilibrium, resulting in an increase in order†.   The organizing ‘work† is then primarily carried on by metabolic motor of DNA, enzymes, etc(  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ). Third law of Thermodynamics The third law touches on reaching a state of absolute zero (oK) or to avoid entropy by making temperature equals to zero.   At absolute zero the system has a minimum total internal energy (kinetic plus potential). This can only happen if all energy and matter are randomly distributed in space eradicating all thermal motion( Young 574). This however will never occur unless perhaps in few extraordinary, carefully-engineered situations. The third law of thermodynamics reinforced the fact that in life there are things that are unattainable and accepting this reality is a much better idea than to fight the laws of life. Conclusion The laws of thermodynamics just clearly put into much clearer terms the laws of life. Since thermodynamics is a science that deals with energy and energy transformations as well as the resulting work it produces, it has practical applications in life for life is an active use of energy. First law is a conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed meaning that energy is already in existence and needs only to be applied to a system, example a human system, in various forms to benefit life. The second law states that in a natural process there is a direction from which the conservation follows and this is usually to a more disordered state (entropy). The third law just simply states that if absolute zero is reached then entropy will be zero, but such is an impossible occurrence.       References Isaak, Mark. Five Major Misconceptions about Evolution. The Talk Origins Archive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   October 1, 2003. Retrieved December 3, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.talkorigins.org/faq/faq-misconceptions.html Sonntag, Richard E. and Claus Borgnakke. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 5th ed. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1998. Young, Hugh D. and Roger A. Freedman. University Physics, Vol. 1. 9th ed. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1996.

Here We Stand Exposed :: Essays Papers

Here We Stand Exposed â€Å"There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known†. –Matt. 10:26 Human interaction is as common to most of us as breathing. Stop and consider your typical day—imagine each face you pass on the street, each passing conversation, each miniscule interaction. â€Å"Hey, how are you?† â€Å"Doing well, you?† â€Å"Good.† For most of us, the number of people we have this friendly non-conversation with alone is too many to remember, and the actual number of people we generally come into contact with throughout the course of a day is too large to approximate. And yet for many people the line of how much to reveal of themselves in each of these interactions is a hazy one. We walk away from conversations such as this, though perhaps pleased to have seen the person, sometimes wondering what would have happened if we had told the truth of how we were doing at that particular moment. This idea of Exposure vs. Concealment is a common thread throughout the writings of CS Lewis. Though he never directly addresses this topic, there is much wisdom to be gained from his writings on the issue. Throughout Till We Have Faces, A Grief Observed, The Problem of Pain, and many of his other writings, we can find many underlying clues to establishing a balance in our degree of self-concealment before God, others, and even ourselves. In the next few pages I will attempt to form a clearer picture of the example God gives humans in relation to the interactions and the co-existence of the two seemingly opposite practices of Concealment and Exposure. When I initially set out to write this paper, I began with a mindset to prove one of these actions to be of greater good than the other. I assumed that if the two oppose one another, it would naturally follow that they be mutually exclusive to one another, for to oppose implies an eventual conqueror: thus, a natural superior and inferior. However, after beginning my attempt at this proof, I found myself presented with another—and somewhat surprising—conclusion: that these two, in truth, depend on one another for their own existence, and that both are necessary to achieving a healthy degree of transparency. Let me outline this discovery. 1. God’s interaction with Himself as a glimpse of God’s interaction with Man:

The Prodigal Son

Professor M. Smith English 101 The Prodigal Son, a parable told by Jesus Christ on his journey to Jerusalem and retold in the Gospel of Luke found in the New Testament of the Holy Bible, has become more then a tale of hope for Catholic families to hold on to but for all families to hold on to the faith they have for their children, the new generation, to do right in the world.In many cases there is a rebellious child who wishes and tries to break away from the rest of the family because he or she is feed up with the rules of the house laid down by the parents and believe they can live a lifestyle of their choosing, recklessly and with no thought of consequences that inevitably follows. Without guidance from our love ones, there is no perseverance and with no perseverance, happiness cannot exist.The message Jesus Christ was trying to convey is that God is patient and all forgiving of us but, it is up to us the sinners to realize that we truly need this forgiveness in our lives to move ahead in a positive manner that will reward us during our remainder on Earth and in Heaven to come. A parable is â€Å"a short story with the intent to teach a lesson to its audience (OED)†. I believe, though the tale is of Christianity descent, religious followers of any practice as well as atheists can relate to this story to themselves at one point in their lives or another.As a loving parent I wish all the wonders of the world for my child and for him to reach great achievements throughout his life that are more important than just being financially secure and materialized. These achievements are too have a better understanding of how to live a more fulfilling life and if religious, have faith in God that Thy will guide you to all that is bliss in the world. I can proudly say that many parents live like I do, for the gratitude of their child’s or children’s well being. In this parable, the father exemplifies a true meaning of love for his child.As the story begins, the father is asked by his youngest son to divide all the estate that will be given to him and his older brother once he passes away. The loving father is left with two choices, ignore his youngest son’s selfish request and ostracize him, if willing to, from the home or grant the request and wait suffering for his son to return, learning of his poor judgment and betrayal to his father. A numerous amount of parents teach their kids valuable lessons by allowing them to experience hands on rather than just verbally expressing what could ultimately happen.As human beings we learn much through trial and error in efforts that we can grasp the meaning of right from wrong and avoid making the same mistakes over again throughout our lives. â€Å"Not many days later, the younger son gathered all he had and took a journey into a far country, and there he squandered his property in reckless living† (Luke 15: verse 13). The young son proved to be irresponsible and became n eedy. In efforts to survive he feed pigs for a living but pondered the thought of living at home. ‘How many of my father's hired servants have more than enough bread, but I perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him, â€Å"Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Treat me as one of your hired servants† (17-19). The son did not come to this decision because he acknowledged his wrong doing but simply desperation to feed himself. He believed in doing this act he would have to deal with the anger and rejection of his father and older brother.He was overwhelmed with fear when he saw his father running toward him but he noticed that the expression on his father’s face was full of joy. â€Å"But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and felt compassion, and ran and embraced him and kissed him. And the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heave n and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son† (20-21) and his manipulative speech dissolved into nothing. It was the father’s love and acceptance that showed his son forgiveness.He called for the servants to cloth and prepare a feast for the return of the Prodigal son, â€Å"a person who leaves home and behaves in such a way, but later makes a repentant return (OED),† because â€Å"for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found† (24). Rather than just interpreting this parable as a religious lesson, that God waits for us to return to his love through penance and goodwill, we can use this as a guide to lead us to gain a better understanding and closeness with not just our parents but with all of whom we’ve been in contact with.It’s not an easy thing to do but, quite alright to fail and admit to being wrong because forgiveness doesn’t begin with God but within us. In some shape or form we have al l played the role of the young son, arrogant and lost. Some of us realize, faster than others, that we need forgiveness to overcome. Some of us haven’t forgiven yet those that have hurt us in the past, like the older brother who refused to part take in the return of his young sibling. Forgiveness is a powerful tool that we all possess and that we should all utilize on those who truly seek it.

New Jersey Institute of Technology Essay

In this 21st century world, the intellectual society plays an important role for communicating and sharing the information. The power of society helps us to collect data which acts as a bridge to our success and advancement in this world. The generosity of teachers, classmates and friends gave me an insight of NJIT. My passion to pursue my dreams forced me to apply for the NJIT. Ever since my childhood years, my interest in computer systems and business both had put me in a dilemma. With the help of my research, I came forward to NJIT which offers degree in computing and business. My passion would be illuminated with the admission in NJIT. The art learning environment at NJIT is a perfect place which can give me the most comprehensive learning experience possible. The diversified climate will help me communicate and indulge in activities of different culture and ethnicity and travel around the globe with ease and knowledge of different countries. Coming from a middle class family it is very essential for the transportation to be less expensive and comfortable. It is another key point which brought me here to apply for the NJIT. The teachings of the brilliant professors of the NJIT and the advanced technology will provide me a great learning experience and expand my intelligence and ideas about this 21st century world. Admission to the NJIT will be one step further towards the path of my dream. The future is controlled by the step taken by an individual in the present. The information provided to me by the teachers, friends, internet and adding me to the list of the students of NJIT will enrich my experience that will help me to grow into well rounded and a successful person.

traffic congestion Essays

traffic congestion Essays traffic congestion Essay traffic congestion Essay Introduction: Traffic congestion is a critical job which happens on roads which make traffic busy because roads full of autos and coachs. Traffic congestion challenges traffic flow in urban country and is prevented smooth traffic. A turning urban country creates complex jobs in day-to-day life with traffic. Congestion phenomenon s can non be terminated merely by using physical constructing such as: physique span, expresswaies and increasing route capacity. It is necessary to construct engineering system for transit direction which is used for control of the traffic phenomenon. Traffic control systems have direct influence on traffic jobs which is aid to better traffic flow and cut down traffic congestion. Normally, traffic jams are caused by many grounds such as incidents, works in roads, roads care. Approximately, traffic congestion occurs at peak times in the forenoon or eventide when people are going to work. In add-on, transit systems are one of the chief grounds doing traffic congestion in so me states. Traffic roads have a direct consequence on traffic jams which relate to little ways use or damaged ways ( Katathira et al, 1994 ) First, when K. Macmillan invented the first autos had proper form and wooden frame in 1839 which included many types of advantages such as: gesture velocity ; comfort ; control ; economic system ; furniture and safety. The Automobiles industry became more popular and necessary for the life and it aimed to better auto s industrial design and make more autos by companies. In the terminal of eighteenth century, the first traffic congestion appeared on the old London Bridge which created a serious job. After that, the London authorities decided to happen manner out for this phenomenon which led to the innovation of control system to work out traffic congestion by put ining traffic visible radiations on the old London span. In add-on, the London authorities added another control system by spliting the London old span into two waies, one for vehicles and another for walkers ( Bellis, 1994 ) . Transportation system jobs have been studied by many research workers and many solutions have been proposed to work out it. Bettering transit includes many ways to better traffic public presentation in major metropoliss and expresswaies. The Government is responsible for bettering the efficiency of transit in metropoliss and main roads between metropoliss which cut down traffic jobs. Transportation obstruction has a clear influence on economic state of affairs and it causes increased in unrecorded cost. The purpose of this paper is to discuses the effects of control systems can cut down traffic congestion, energy ingestion and route incidents. It is of import to understand the nexus between traffic congestion and control systems. However, there are some solutions to diminish their negative effects. Background Traffic congestion, definition Traffic congestion is complex phenomenon which is related to a figure of autos on the route at the same times which is hinder gesture and necessitate excess clip to make finishs. In fact, traffic congestion is normally repeating or non repeating phenomenon. Always, repeating traffic congestion is appeared by day-to-day event in a certain times which is solved reorganize suited planning. On the other manus, not repeating traffic congestion is unexpected and unusual event cause by an incident which is all of a sudden reduced route capacity. In add-on, route capacity is one of the chief ground cause traffic congestion when the figure of autos on the route increases than the route capacity. ( Logi, 2001 ) Control system Control system is attack to rectify traffic phenomenons by using engineering, programming and tolls. In the terminal of eighteenth century, the first control system was applied in London by traffic visible radiation which was used to form traffic gesture on London old span. A turning in urban country promote authorities to contrive and use a new engineering has ability to cut down traffic jobs which is called traffic control system. The purpose of this subdivision is to depict consequence traffic congestion by traffic control system because traffic control system has direct influence on traffic jobs which is helped to better traffic flow and work out traffic jobs by use a figure of system factors such as: traffic visible radiations ; route pricing ; travel times ; gasolene revenue enhancement ; transit menu and velocity restriction. Literature reappraisal In malice of, the nexus between control systems and traffic congestion is of import ; there appear literature famine which is particularly in grounds of appropriate systems. Therefore, there is calculated and experimental grounds. As a consequence, the relationship between control system and traffic congestion was investigated in 1994 by Shefer which had divided volume over capacity ratio which was used to mensurate degree of traffic congestion. Then after, in1997 the relationship between traffic congestion and control system was studied by Shefer and Rietveld which is used sample hypothesis and supply experiment grounds by comparing traffic congestion degree when extremum hours the traffic congestion degree was less than extremum hours in normally yearss. Further survey, by Noland and Quddus in 2005 who was used nexus between traffic congestion and control system by utilizing spacial analysis manor in London. This survey achieves lower traffic congestion by using several types of co ntrol systems ( Wang et al, 2009 ) . Type of jobs The most type of job that is go oning in large metropoliss is traffic congestion. Traffic congestion has high impact on smooth traffic which cause calcium hydroxides lose, work chance and energy ingestion. However, traffic congestion has influenced in the metropolis live which become highly complicated and hard for life. The most common with traffic congestion are route accident and route capacity which can be blockage traffic flow in metropoliss or in state side for illustration in London congestion occur in some country non during peak clip ever during all twenty-four hours which cause clip loses and it become serious job which encourage the authoritiess to happen out solution for this phenomenon to diminish it and avoid many jobs relate with traffic congestion which can be make life smooth and unsophisticated. Transportation system challenges by traffic congestion which is importance to develop transit systems by utilizing new methods and utile engineering which can alleviated or decreased degree of congestion in urban country. Harmonizing to ( Logi, 2001 ) point out that traffic congestion is repeating and non repeating congestion which is appeared when traffic volume addition than route capacity in a certain times. Always, repeating traffic congestion connect with day-to-day event thought not repeating traffic congestion connect with unexpected event by route incident or route plants. This phenomenon has been studied by many research workers which aim to happen attacks or solution for traffic congestion.

Gwangju Massacre in South Korea

Gwangju Massacre in South Korea Tens of thousands of students and other protestors poured into the streets of Gwangju (Kwangju), a city in southwestern South Korea in the spring of 1980. They were protesting the state of martial law that had been in force since a coup that previous year, which had brought down the dictator Park Chung-hee and replaced him with military strongman General Chun Doo-hwan. As the protests spread to other cities, and the protestors raided army depots for weapons, the new president expanded his earlier declaration of martial law. Universities and newspaper offices were shuttered, and political activity was banned. In response, the protestors seized control of Gwangju. On May 17, President Chun sent additional army troops to Gwangju, armed with riot gear and live ammunition. Background to the Gwangju Massacre The portraits of former president Park Chung-hee and his wife Yuk Young-soo. Yuk Young-soo was killed in 1974 during an attempted assassination of Park Chung-hee. Woohae Cho​/Getty Images  Ã‚   On October 26, 1979, South Korean President Park Chung-hee was assassinated while visiting a gisaeng house (Korean geisha house) in Seoul. General Park had seized power in a 1961 military coup and ruled as a dictator until Kim Jae-kyu, the Director of Central Intelligence, killed him. Kim claimed that he assassinated the president because of the increasingly harsh crackdown on student protests over the countrys increasing economic woes, brought about in part by skyrocketing world oil prices. The following morning, martial law was declared, the National Assembly (Parliament) was disbanded, and all public meetings of more than three people were banned, with an exception only for funerals. Political speech and gatherings of all kinds were prohibited. Nonetheless, many Korean citizens were optimistic about the change, since they now had a civilian acting president, Choi Kyu-hah, who promised among other things to halt the torture of political prisoners. The moment of sunshine faded quickly, however. On December 12, 1979, Army Security Commander General Chun Doo-Hwan, who was in charge of investigating President Parks assassination, accused the army chief of staff with conspiring to kill the president. General Chun ordered troops down from the DMZ and invaded the Department of Defense building in Seoul, arresting thirty of his fellow generals and accusing them all of complicity in the assassination. With this stroke, General Chun effectively seized power in South Korea, although President Choi remained as a figurehead. In the days that followed, Chun made it clear that dissent would not be tolerated. He extended martial law to the entire country  and sent police squads to the homes of pro-democracy leaders and student organizers to intimidate potential opponents. Among the targets of these intimidation tactics were the student leaders at Chonnam University in Gwangju... In March 1980, a new semester began, and university students and professors who had been banned from campus for political activities were allowed to return. Their calls for reform - including freedom of the press, and an end to martial law, and free and fair elections - grew louder as the semester progressed. On May 15, 1980, approximately 100,000 students marched on Seoul Station demanding reform. Two days later, General Chun promulgated even harsher restrictions, closing down universities and newspapers once more, arresting hundreds of student leaders, and also arresting twenty-six political opponents, including Kim Dae-jung of Gwangju. May 18, 1980 Outraged by the crackdown, about 200 students went to the front gate of Chonnam University in Gyungju early on the morning of May 18. There they met thirty paratroopers, who had been sent to keep them off the campus. The paratroopers charged the students with clubs, and the students responded by throwing rocks. The students then marched downtown, attracting more supporters as they went. By early afternoon, local police were overwhelmed by 2,000 protestors, so the military sent about 700 paratroopers into the fray. The paratroopers charged into the crowd, bludgeoning the students and passersby. A deaf 29-year-old, Kim Gyeong-cheol, became the first fatality; he was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time, but the soldiers beat him to death. May 19-20 Throughout the day on May 19, more and more furious residents of Gwangju joined the students in the streets, as reports of increasing violence filtered through the city. Businessmen, housewives, taxi drivers - people of all walks of life marched out to defend the youth of Gwangju. Demonstrators hurled rocks and Molotov cocktails at the soldiers. By the morning of May 20, there were more than 10,000 people protesting downtown. That day, the army sent in an additional 3,000 paratroopers. The special forces beat people with clubs, stabbed and mutilated them with bayonets, and threw at least twenty to their deaths from high buildings. The soldiers used tear gas and live ammunition indiscriminately, shooting into the crowds. Troops shot dead twenty girls at Gwangjus Central High School. Ambulance and cab drivers who tried to take the wounded to hospitals were shot. One hundred students who sheltered in the Catholic Center were slaughtered. Captured high school and university students had their hands tied behind them with barbed wire; many were then summarily executed. May 21 On May 21, the violence in Gwangju escalated to its height. As the soldiers fired round after round into the crowds, protesters broke into police stations and armories, taking rifles, carbines and even two machine guns. Students mounted one of the machine guns on the roof of the universitys medical school. The local police refused further aid to the army; troops beat some police officers unconscious for attempting to help the injured. It was all-out urban warfare. By 5:30 that evening, the army was forced to retreat from downtown Gwangju in the face of the furious citizens. The Army Leaves Gwangju By the morning of May 22, the army had pulled out entirely from Gwangju, establishing a cordon around the city. A bus full of civilians attempted to escape the blockade on May 23; the army opened fire, killing 17 of the 18 people aboard. That same day, army troops accidentally opened fire on one another, killing 13 in a friendly-fire incident in the Songam-dong neighborhood. Meanwhile, inside Gwangju, teams of professionals and students formed committees to provide medical care for the wounded, funerals for the dead, and compensation for the families of victims. Influenced by Marxist ideals, some of the students arranged to cook communal meals for the people of the city. For five days, the people ruled Gwangju. As word of the massacre spread throughout the province, anti-government protests broke out in nearby cities including Mokpo, Gangjin, Hwasun, and Yeongam. The army fired on protestors in Haenam, as well. The Army Retakes the City On May 27, at 4:00 in the morning, five divisions of paratroopers moved into Gwangjus downtown. Students and citizens tried to block their way by lying in the streets, while the armed citizen militias prepared for a renewed firefight. After an hour and a half of desperate fighting, the army seized control of the city once more. Casualties in the Gwangju Massacre The Chun Doo-hwan government issued a report stating that 144 civilians, 22 troops, and four police officers had been killed in the Gwangju Uprising. Anyone who disputed their death toll could be arrested. However, census figures reveal that almost 2,000 citizens of Gwangju disappeared during this time period. A small number of the student victims, mostly those who died on May 24, are buried in Mangwol-dong Cemetery near Gwangju. However, eyewitnesses tell of seeing hundreds of bodies dumped in several mass graves on the outskirts of the city. The Aftermath In the aftermath of the horrific Gwangju Massacre, the administration of General Chun lost most of its legitimacy in the eyes of the Korean people. Pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the 1980s cited the Gwangju Massacre  and demanded that the perpetrators face punishment. General Chun held on as president until 1988, when under intense pressure, he allowed democratic elections. Kim Dae-jung, the 15th term President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003, and the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient, speaks on telephone at his home in Seoul, South Korea on June 25, 1987. Nathan Benn​/Getty Images   Kim Dae-Jung, the politician from Gwangju who had been sentenced to death on charges of fomenting the rebellion, received a pardon and ran for president. He did not win, but would later serve as president from 1998 to 2003, and went on to receive a Nobel Peace Prize in 2000. Former President Chun himself was sentenced to death in 1996 for corruption and for his role in the Gwangju Massacre. With the tables turned, President Kim Dae-jung commuted his sentence when he assumed office in 1998. In a very real way, the Gwangju Massacre marked a turning point in the long struggle for democracy in South Korea. Although it took almost a decade, this horrifying event paved the way for free and fair elections  and more transparent civil society. Further Reading on the Gwangju Massacre Flashback: The Kwangju Massacre, BBC News, May 17, 2000. Deirdre Griswold, S. Korean Survivors Tell of 1980 Gwangju Massacre, Workers World, May 19, 2006. Gwangju Massacre Video, Youtube, uploaded May 8, 2007. Jeong Dae-ha, Gwangju Massacre Still Echoes for Loved Ones, The Hankyoreh, May 12, 2012. Shin Gi-Wook and Hwang Kyung Moon. Contentious Kwangju: The May 18 Uprising in Koreas Past and Present, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman Littlefield, 2003. Winchester, Simon. Korea: A Walk Through the Land of Miracles, New York: Harper Perennial, 2005.

Starbucks and Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study

Starbucks and Corporate Social Responsibility - Case Study Example This rlativ brand familiarity and th prcptin f it bing stablishd indpndntly f a glbal playr lik Starbucks may hlp initial markting ffrts. Th caus-rlatd markting initiativ cmplmnts Starbucks' rcnt fcus n incrasing its cmmitmnt t scially rspnsibl practics, including prviding thically-prducd cff. Caus-rlatd prjcts hav bcm an incrasingly ppular way f cnncting with cnsumrs as thy tap int shard attituds and valus. (Barr, 2007, 234-67) Th Starbucks Crpratin, a Sattl, WA basd cff hus, fllws sm fairly standard practics fr mting tday's thics and cmplianc. Fr businsss t rmain cmptitiv and hld rspct frm bth th businss wrld and its custmrs, a businss must striv t mt and vn xcd th lgal and thical standards that hav bcm th xpctatin tday. Starbucks mts ths bligatins by fllwing its wn cd f thics alng with mting th lgal rquirmnts and th xpctatins f its custmrs and invstrs. (Jams, 2005, 72-89) Rl f thics and CmpliancTh rl f thics and cmplianc in Starbucks financial rganizatin is up frnt and wvn int th backbn f th cmpany. All partnrs must nsur th accuracy and intgrity f Starbucks crprat rcrds.Mst imprtantly this includs rliability and accuracy f bks and rcrds, as wll as hnsty in disclsurs and in prviding infrmatin. Financial rcrds, bks f accunts, financial statmnts and rcrds f Starbucks ar maintaind in accrdanc with th rquirmnts f law and gnrally accptd accunting principls. All f Starbucks assts and liabilitis ar prprly rcrdd in its financial rcrd bks. Csts and rvnus ar rcrdd in th right tim prids. Th sal has nt fficially bn cmpltd until thr is vidnc f a sals agrmnt, th titl has passd, and th sals pric can b dtrmind and is rasnably cllctibl (Starbucks 2009). Accrding t Starbucks principals rcrding a sal until thn, wuld b a misrprsntatin f rcrds. Starbucks blivs that cnducting businss thically and striving t d th right thing is vital t th succss f th cmpany (Jams, 2005, 72- 89) Fr th third yar in a rw, thisphr Magazin has namd Starbucks as n f th Wrld's Mst thical Cmpanis. thisphr cnductd data analyss n hundrds f cmpanis basd n thir rspnss t svral survys, as wll as dcumnts and infrmatin rsarchd and rqustd by thisphr t cnfirm survy rspnss. vry cmpany was thn givn an Q scr basd n th rsults f th survy and masurd against svn distinct catgris. Ths catgris wr Crprat Citiznship and Rspnsibility; Crprat Gvrnanc; Innvatin that Cntributs t th Public Wll Bing; Industry ladrship; xcutiv Ladrship and Tn frm th Tp; Lgal, Rgulatry and Rputatin Track Rcrd; and Intrnal Systms and thics/Cmplianc Prgram (Jams, 2005, 72-89) Starbucks thical Bhavir PrcdursStarbucks has bn succssful thrughut th past dcad by cnducting businss with a strng blif in thical bhavir. As a rsult, Starbucks has arnd a rputatin as an industry ladr and rl mdl in rgards t businss thics. It is n surpris that Starbucks has bn rankd as n f "Wrld's Mst thical Cmpanis" by thisphr magazin fr thr yars in a rw(Jams, 2005, 72-89)Th fundatin f Starbucks rganizatinal cultur is utlind in th Standards f Businss Cnduct Manual. It is usd as a larning tl fr nw rcruits and can b usd as a rfrnc manual during daily pratins. Cmpany rfrncs play a

Comparative Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Comparative Analysis Paper - Essay Example This, in essence, was a stunning and radical idea; the previous political atmosphere before the American Revolution was that state and sovereign authority was derived solely from the monarch. The American framers of the Constitution made sure that political authority should emanate from the people, through the holding of regular, free, and fair elections in the form of representative democracy in which those who weld political power has to seek a new mandate each time by election. Some historians suspect the idea of a separation of powers came from a suggestion made by Alexis de Tocqueville, a foremost French observer of the American experiment in the new representative democracy in which sovereign will resides in the people, although the idea is not new. It had been extensively discussed earlier by John Locke in his â€Å"Two Treatises of Government† at around 1689; even the Greeks under Aristotle also took up the doctrine of the separation of powers in his treatise entitled â€Å"Politics† circa fourth century B. C. E. (before the current era) and subsequently also in ancient republican Rome based on the same principle of checks and balances to prevent abuse of power by any one man or group or cabal. a. The original intentions of the Founding Fathers of the American Constitution had been distorted, such that this noble concept of separation of powers had become the source of policy deadlock in the American government. Instead of helping in the task of governance, it had instead become the main cause of gridlock we see today in the form of bitter partisanship. America today is faced with a host of problems which require urgent solutions, such as the budget deficits, illegal immigration, the war on terror, environmental concerns, peak oil (that oil is now running out and alternative renewable energy sources must be found, and fast) and persistently big trade deficits as well, but cooperation